экосистемный подход,
бизнес-экосистема,
свойства,
принципы,
функции
Abstract
Problem. The transition from intuitive management to scientifically-grounded business model design requires the formation of a unified terminological apparatus, as well as the development of a systematized list of properties, principles, and functions. Methodology. The research is based on the study of the ecosystem approach and its application in business management through the implementation and development of business ecosystem functioning mechanisms. Materials from research by well-known scientists in this field are analyzed, systematized, and generalized. A comparative analysis of the effective strategies of major business ecosystems is conducted: Sberbank, Yandex, Tinkoff (T-Bank), Ozon, Wildberries and Amazon. Research Results. Business ecosystems are characterized as a special type of ecosystem, distinguished by the specificity of interconnections and interdependencies between different actors in the business environment. An expanded classification of business ecosystem properties is proposed, allowing for the systematization of their principles and functions. All properties, principles, and functions of business ecosystems are distributed into groups, each reflecting a specific aspect of ecosystem functioning: goal-setting and functionality, integrity and structure, interconnection and interaction, as well as development and adaptation. The proposed systematization is justified by its ability to comprehensively analyze business ecosystems, identify problem areas, predict their development, and make informed management decisions. Known properties of business ecosystems are supplemented by two new ones – financial self-sufficiency and learnability, which allow for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of stability and development of business ecosystems. Principles (sustainable self-sufficiency, experience-oriented development, adaptive responsiveness) are formulated, revealing practical ways to implement these properties. Ecosystem functions are systematized, which, based on properties and principles, ensure the transition from theory to practice: from abstract models to management decisions and tools for business ecosystem development. Practical Application. The obtained results can be used by the management of large companies to transform traditional business models into ecosystem ones, with the aim of increasing their resilience to external environmental turbulence.
