цифровизация,
цифровая экономика,
сельское хозяйство,
малые формы хозяйствования,
цифровая экосистема,
Казахстан
Abstract
Problem. The digital transformation of agriculture in Kazakhstan serves as a driver for increasing agricultural efficiency and labor productivity in the sector by moving away from outdated farming models. The purpose of this article is to investigate the state of digitalization in Kazakhstan's agriculture and assess the digital opportunities for small farms. Methodology. Within the framework of general theoretical methodologies and methods of scientific cognition (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, extrapolation, expert evaluation method), general methodological scientific principles of unity of theory and practice, objectivity, concrete historical approach, and systemic approach were applied. Research Results. The agricultural sector of Kazakhstan is undergoing digital transformation, with the Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan acting as the main industry operator. It was found that the main problems of digitalization for small farms are: fragmented coverage of services by existing state digital services, weak trust in state digital services among small farms due to weak psychological perception of digital innovations, insufficient education levels, and other reasons. Practical Application. Digital government services are available to small-scale farming operations: the republican livestock system "Information-Analytical System," the "Agricultural Animal Identification" database, veterinary service modules, and specialized mobile applications. It has been established that service elements only fragmentarily cover individual key services for small-scale farming operations. It has been proven that digitalization drivers can include: the use of big data and electronic field maps accumulated by geographic information systems; the Internet of Things and digital twin technology, which enable the creation of automated farms with remote management; satellite navigation and autonomous driving of agricultural machinery; and artificial intelligence in logistics and e-commerce. Prospects for further digital transformation of agriculture as a whole and livestock farming in particular in Kazakhstan are linked to the development of digitalization for the transfer and commercialization of agrotechnology, the continuation of work on implementing information technologies and digitalization of individual enterprises, and the organization of agricultural sectors.
